Important Constitutional Amendments in India Notes: 1st to 106th Amendment for SSC, UPSC & Railway Exams

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Important Constitutional Amendments in India Notes: 1st to 106th Amendment for SSC, UPSC & Railway Exams

Constitutional Amendments are one of the most important topics in Indian Polity. Questions related to the 42nd Amendment, 44th Amendment, 73rd Amendment, 74th Amendment, GST Amendment and EWS Reservation are frequently asked in SSC, UPSC, Railway, Banking and State Government examinations.

Constitutional Amendments Overview

Particulars Details
Article Article 368
Subject Amendment of Constitution
Procedure Special Majority
Important For SSC, UPSC, Railway, Banking

What is a Constitutional Amendment?

A Constitutional Amendment is a formal change made to the Constitution of India under Article 368. Amendments are introduced to meet changing social, economic and political needs.

Most Important Constitutional Amendments

Amendment Year Importance
1st Amendment 1951 Added Ninth Schedule
7th Amendment 1956 Reorganization of States
24th Amendment 1971 Parliament's Power to Amend Constitution
25th Amendment 1971 Property Rights Changes
42nd Amendment 1976 Mini Constitution
44th Amendment 1978 Restored Democratic Rights
52nd Amendment 1985 Anti-Defection Law
61st Amendment 1989 Voting Age Reduced to 18 Years
73rd Amendment 1992 Panchayati Raj System
74th Amendment 1992 Urban Local Bodies
86th Amendment 2002 Right to Education
91st Amendment 2003 Strengthened Anti-Defection Law
97th Amendment 2011 Cooperative Societies
101st Amendment 2016 Goods and Services Tax (GST)
102nd Amendment 2018 National Commission for Backward Classes
103rd Amendment 2019 10% EWS Reservation
106th Amendment 2023 Women's Reservation in Legislatures

42nd Amendment Act, 1976 (Mini Constitution)

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment is known as the Mini Constitution because it made extensive changes to the Constitution.

  • Added Fundamental Duties
  • Added Socialist
  • Added Secular
  • Added Integrity
  • Strengthened DPSP

44th Amendment Act, 1978

  • Restored democratic freedoms
  • Made Article 352 more difficult to misuse
  • Protected Fundamental Rights

52nd Amendment Act, 1985

Introduced the Anti-Defection Law under the Tenth Schedule.

61st Amendment Act, 1989

Reduced voting age from 21 years to 18 years.

73rd Amendment Act, 1992

  • Constitutional status to Panchayati Raj
  • Added Part IX
  • Added Eleventh Schedule

74th Amendment Act, 1992

  • Constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies
  • Added Part IX-A
  • Added Twelfth Schedule

86th Amendment Act, 2002

Introduced Article 21A and made education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6 to 14 years.

101st Amendment Act, 2016

Introduced Goods and Services Tax (GST) throughout India.

103rd Amendment Act, 2019

Provided 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).

Exam-Oriented One-Liners

  • 42nd Amendment is known as Mini Constitution.
  • 52nd Amendment introduced Anti-Defection Law.
  • 61st Amendment reduced voting age to 18 years.
  • 73rd Amendment deals with Panchayati Raj.
  • 74th Amendment deals with Urban Local Bodies.
  • 86th Amendment introduced Right to Education.
  • 101st Amendment introduced GST.
  • 103rd Amendment introduced EWS Reservation.

Previous Year Questions

  1. Which Amendment is called the Mini Constitution?
    Answer: 42nd Amendment
  2. Which Amendment reduced voting age to 18 years?
    Answer: 61st Amendment
  3. Which Amendment introduced GST?
    Answer: 101st Amendment
  4. Which Amendment introduced Fundamental Duties?
    Answer: 42nd Amendment
  5. Which Amendment introduced EWS Reservation?
    Answer: 103rd Amendment

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which amendment is known as the Mini Constitution?

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.

Which amendment introduced Panchayati Raj?

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act.

Which amendment reduced voting age to 18 years?

The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act.

Which amendment introduced GST?

The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act.

Which amendment introduced Fundamental Duties?

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act.

Conclusion

Constitutional Amendments are among the most important topics in Indian Polity. Every competitive exam aspirant should thoroughly prepare the major amendments and their significance.

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